Planting to Processing Sponsored Content Aphid Awareness How to prevent or manage soybean infestation and disease pest Goodbye planting season, hello pest patrol. The cool, wet spring has finally given grow ers a chance to get their soybeans in the ground, but that means it's time to be on high alert for pest infestation and potential disease. According to North Dakota State University Extension Entomologist Janet Knodel and Plant Pathologist Michael Wunsch, two major con cerns for 2019 are soybean aphid infestations and white mold. Scouting for aphids So what's the best way to combat aphid infestation? Scouting consistently and regu- larly "Walk that W pattern or a V and check multiple will reduce the selection pressure for further locations in the development of resistance. field, Knodel says "Check at least ten schedule (every seven to 10 days). plants and just look for the aphids per plant, with greater than 80 percent of visually. Usual- ly they're on the insecticides. undersides of the leaves Knodel has a White Mold NDSU Plant Pathologist Michael Wunsch recommends growers be on the lookout for white mold this year because of the cold, Fields should be scouted on a regular Use the economic threshold (250 aphids wet spring. To mitigate risk, Dr. Wunsch recommends increasing row spacing to as much as 30 inches, even if it costs yields. When we were below fifty percent incidence of white mold, we almost always maximize yields in our narrower row spacing, he says The professor also says by changing row spacing and correctly timing fungicide application, farmers can effectively manage- white mold and maximize yield with little to- no additional input costs. Aphid alert Winged or wingless, tiny and tinted the color of Mountain Dew, aphids originated from Asia. They were first introduced in Wisconsin in 2000, and then migrated to Minnesota and North Dakota just a year later. "In North Dakota we've seen 40 to 60 per cent yield loss from soybean aphids when populations are high, Knodel says. Aphids usually turn up in late July or August and have a voracious appetite for consuming vital liquids from soybean plants that can dam age or destroy the crop. They can travel 100 miles and are also capable of overwintering as eggs on buckthorn where they stay dormant until the next growing season. plants infested) to determine when to apply Janet Knodel Treat within five to seven days of exceeding the economic threshold to protect yield. video Fighting insecticide resistance The Extension recommends growers follow these guidelines if the use of insecticides is needed . Use an effective (and labeled) insecticide scouting available on the NDSU Extension IPM YouTube page, which she recom mends watching to maximize the at full labeled rate ers to report suspected cases of insecticide resistant soybean aphids to a local/regional Extension educator or Extension entomologist. More tips are available at www.ag.ndsu.edu and growers are always encouraged to reach out to their extension agent. Use proper nozzles, spray volume (15 to Michael Wunsch 20 gallons per acre by ground; 3 to 5 gallons per acre by air) and pressure (40 pounds per square inch) Spray under favorable environmental con- ditions to promote efficacy and reduce drift. . After applications, scout fields again after three to five days to ensure the product provid- ed the level of management expected .For growers who encounter an aphid infestation, tried treating with insecticides and are at risk of crop failure, Knodel and her col leagues recommend re-treating with a differ- ent insecticide group. Some guidelines If growers have been treating with pyre- throid, switch to a different group such as an practice Controlling resistance Most troublesome, however, is the concern Aside from destroying large swaths of crop, aphids have an exponential reproductive rate, over insecticide-resistance. Source: "We first detected resistance it in North too. An infestation of 100 insects can turn into "Management of insecticide-resistant soybean aphids E1878 Dakota in 2017 Knodel says. "It's primarily because of the use of one class of insecticides called pyrethroids which growers rely on heavily to control the pest. Instead, she says, alternate between insecticides to mitigate the risk of developing resistance. According to Knodel's research, which is documented in "Management of insecticide-re thousands within days They reproduce really fast, Knodel says. They're all females when they give birth to the young and then they're capable of reproducing within seven to ten days. North Dakota State University Robert Koch University of Minnesota Erin Hodgson, lowa State University Janet Knodel, North Dakota State University, Adam Varenhorst, South Dakota State University www.ag.ndsu.edu It's difficult to predict if there will be a large infestation of soybean aphids this year because it's dependent on what the weather sistant soybean aphids El878 a research decides to do. Typically, aphids thrive in dry, paper available online at www.ag.ndsu.edu, organophosphate. low-wind conditions around 80 degrees fahr- enheit, according to Knodel. However, high these guidelines wind and rainy weather events can "knock them out pretty fast, she says North Dakota Soybean Council Our World Is Growing . Do not dilute insecticides. . Do not mix insecticides with any other the Extension recommends growers follow Treat fields only when needed to reduce crop treatments insecticide exposure to soybean aphids. This Finally, Knodel says it's important for grow Planting to Processing is a season-long series broken out by seven parts brought to you by the North Dakota Soybean Council. In it, farmers will gain valuable insights with tips and advice from industry experts. 4852 Rocking Horse Circle S., Fargo, ND 58104.701-566-9300 Planting to Processing Sponsored Content Aphid Awareness How to prevent or manage soybean infestation and disease pest Goodbye planting season, hello pest patrol. The cool, wet spring has finally given grow ers a chance to get their soybeans in the ground, but that means it's time to be on high alert for pest infestation and potential disease. According to North Dakota State University Extension Entomologist Janet Knodel and Plant Pathologist Michael Wunsch, two major con cerns for 2019 are soybean aphid infestations and white mold. Scouting for aphids So what's the best way to combat aphid infestation? Scouting consistently and regu- larly "Walk that W pattern or a V and check multiple will reduce the selection pressure for further locations in the development of resistance. field, Knodel says "Check at least ten schedule (every seven to 10 days). plants and just look for the aphids per plant, with greater than 80 percent of visually. Usual- ly they're on the insecticides. undersides of the leaves Knodel has a White Mold NDSU Plant Pathologist Michael Wunsch recommends growers be on the lookout for white mold this year because of the cold, Fields should be scouted on a regular Use the economic threshold (250 aphids wet spring. To mitigate risk, Dr. Wunsch recommends increasing row spacing to as much as 30 inches, even if it costs yields. When we were below fifty percent incidence of white mold, we almost always maximize yields in our narrower row spacing, he says The professor also says by changing row spacing and correctly timing fungicide application, farmers can effectively manage- white mold and maximize yield with little to- no additional input costs. Aphid alert Winged or wingless, tiny and tinted the color of Mountain Dew, aphids originated from Asia. They were first introduced in Wisconsin in 2000, and then migrated to Minnesota and North Dakota just a year later. "In North Dakota we've seen 40 to 60 per cent yield loss from soybean aphids when populations are high, Knodel says. Aphids usually turn up in late July or August and have a voracious appetite for consuming vital liquids from soybean plants that can dam age or destroy the crop. They can travel 100 miles and are also capable of overwintering as eggs on buckthorn where they stay dormant until the next growing season. plants infested) to determine when to apply Janet Knodel Treat within five to seven days of exceeding the economic threshold to protect yield. video Fighting insecticide resistance The Extension recommends growers follow these guidelines if the use of insecticides is needed . Use an effective (and labeled) insecticide scouting available on the NDSU Extension IPM YouTube page, which she recom mends watching to maximize the at full labeled rate ers to report suspected cases of insecticide resistant soybean aphids to a local/regional Extension educator or Extension entomologist. More tips are available at www.ag.ndsu.edu and growers are always encouraged to reach out to their extension agent. Use proper nozzles, spray volume (15 to Michael Wunsch 20 gallons per acre by ground; 3 to 5 gallons per acre by air) and pressure (40 pounds per square inch) Spray under favorable environmental con- ditions to promote efficacy and reduce drift. . After applications, scout fields again after three to five days to ensure the product provid- ed the level of management expected .For growers who encounter an aphid infestation, tried treating with insecticides and are at risk of crop failure, Knodel and her col leagues recommend re-treating with a differ- ent insecticide group. Some guidelines If growers have been treating with pyre- throid, switch to a different group such as an practice Controlling resistance Most troublesome, however, is the concern Aside from destroying large swaths of crop, aphids have an exponential reproductive rate, over insecticide-resistance. Source: "We first detected resistance it in North too. An infestation of 100 insects can turn into "Management of insecticide-resistant soybean aphids E1878 Dakota in 2017 Knodel says. "It's primarily because of the use of one class of insecticides called pyrethroids which growers rely on heavily to control the pest. Instead, she says, alternate between insecticides to mitigate the risk of developing resistance. According to Knodel's research, which is documented in "Management of insecticide-re thousands within days They reproduce really fast, Knodel says. They're all females when they give birth to the young and then they're capable of reproducing within seven to ten days. North Dakota State University Robert Koch University of Minnesota Erin Hodgson, lowa State University Janet Knodel, North Dakota State University, Adam Varenhorst, South Dakota State University www.ag.ndsu.edu It's difficult to predict if there will be a large infestation of soybean aphids this year because it's dependent on what the weather sistant soybean aphids El878 a research decides to do. Typically, aphids thrive in dry, paper available online at www.ag.ndsu.edu, organophosphate. low-wind conditions around 80 degrees fahr- enheit, according to Knodel. However, high these guidelines wind and rainy weather events can "knock them out pretty fast, she says North Dakota Soybean Council Our World Is Growing . Do not dilute insecticides. . Do not mix insecticides with any other the Extension recommends growers follow Treat fields only when needed to reduce crop treatments insecticide exposure to soybean aphids. This Finally, Knodel says it's important for grow Planting to Processing is a season-long series broken out by seven parts brought to you by the North Dakota Soybean Council. In it, farmers will gain valuable insights with tips and advice from industry experts. 4852 Rocking Horse Circle S., Fargo, ND 58104.701-566-9300